Russian Federation
Based on the most recent published official birth records (and Birthgap harmonisation where noted).
In 2024, Russia's total maternal rate declined slightly to 71.7%, continuing a downward trend over recent years but remaining high compared to global averages. Meanwhile, the average maternal age increased subtly to 27 years, still notably the lowest in Europe. The share of grandparents in the population continued to rise, reflecting ongoing demographic aging. Childlessness rates saw a modest uptick, marking a gradual shift in family patterns.
- The total maternal rate decreased by 0.7 percentage points from 2023, yet Russia remains among the top European countries for this metric.
- Average maternal age rose by 0.2 years but remains the lowest both globally and within Europe, indicating earlier childbearing compared to peers.
- Grandchildren per 100 parents ratio edged up to 31.0, highlighting the country's aging demographic structure.
- The total childlessness rate increased by 0.7 percentage points to 28.3%, suggesting a slow but steady rise in women remaining childless.
In 2024, Russia's maternal metrics show a mix of high fertility rates with a notably young average maternal age, contrasting European trends.
- Total maternal rate high at 71.7%, ranked 4th in Europe
- Children per mother low at 1.95, ranking 5th lowest in Europe
- Mean age at childbearing youngest in Europe at 27 years
- Childlessness rate very low, ranking 28th in Europe
- Three-plus child families rising, now well above 1970s levels
Key fertility indicators — The The Russian Federation
| Total Maternal Rate (TMR) | 71.7% |
| Childlessness Rate (TCR) | 28.3% |
| TGI (great-grandchildren per 100 parents) | 31 |
Motherhood prevalence (TMR)
The total maternal rate (TMR) stood at 71.7% in 2024, marking a slight decrease of 0.7 percentage points from 2023. The five-year average from 2020 to 2024 shows a rising trend, currently at 68.3%. This figure remains significantly below the 1970s average of 97.6%, a difference of about 25.9 percentage points. The TMR reached its lowest point during 2019–2021, at an average of 65.1%. Historically, the maximum three-year average occurred between 1959 and 1961, at 103.3%. On the global stage, the Russia ranks fourth out of 38 countries in terms of TMR, and it holds the same rank within Europe among 31 countries.
| Year | TMR | Year | TMR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 98.6% | 2010 | 78.5% |
| 1980 | 96.6% | 2020 | 64.4%* |
| 1990 | 99.6% | 2023 | 72.4%* |
| 2000 | 70.2% | 2024 | 71.7%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Children per mother (CPM)
In 2024, the number of children per mother in the Russia stands at 1.95, showing only a slight increase from 1.95 in 2023. Over the last five years, this figure has been on a downward trend, with an average of 2.13. Compared to the 1970s average of 2.01, the current rate is about 0.06 lower. The Russia's CPM is among the lowest worldwide, ranked 7th out of 38 countries, and also ranks 5th lowest within Europe among 31 nations.
| Year | CPM | Year | CPM |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2.02 | 2010 | 2.00 |
| 1980 | 1.93 | 2020 | 2.35* |
| 1990 | 1.90 | 2023 | 1.95* |
| 2000 | 1.70 | 2024 | 1.95* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Average maternal age (AMA)
In 2024, the average maternal age in the Russia reached 27.0 years, showing a small increase of 0.2 years from the previous year. Over the last five years, there has been a consistent upward trend, with the average maternal age rising to 26.6 years during this period. This marks a significant rise of 3.7 years compared to the average maternal age in the 1970s. Currently, the country has the lowest average maternal age both globally and within Europe, ranking last among 38 nations worldwide and 31 European countries respectively.
| Year | BIRTH | Year | BIRTH |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 23.64 | 2010 | 24.90 |
| 1980 | 22.99 | 2020 | 26.20* |
| 1990 | 22.65 | 2023 | 26.78* |
| 2000 | 23.54 | 2024 | 27.00* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Birthgap Generational Indicator (TFG)
In 2024, the birthgap generational indicator (TFG) for the Russia stands at 32.4%, corresponding to a total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.40. This reflects a slight increase of 0.5 percentage points compared to 2023. Over the past five years, the TFG has shown an upward trend, averaging 30.1% from 2020 to 2024. When compared to the 1970s baseline of 5.3%, the current rate is approximately 27.1 percentage points higher. The lowest TFG occurred during the mid-1980s, specifically 1986 to 1988, with an average of 0.0%. On the global stage, Russia ranks 22nd among 38 countries, while within Europe, it holds the 17th position out of 31 countries.
| Year | TFG | Year | TFG |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 3.6% | 2010 | 24.3% |
| 1980 | 10.0% | 2020 | 27.1%* |
| 1990 | 8.5% | 2023 | 31.9%* |
| 2000 | 42.2% | 2024 | 32.4%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Societal Half-Life (SHL)
Russia’s SHL stands at 51.4 years years in 2024. It has decreased by 0.6 years compared with 2023. Over the past five years, SHL has been falling, averaging 55.8 years. Compared with the 1970s average (415.8 years), SHL is now shorter by about 364.4 years.
Globally, Russia ranks 20 out of 38 countries.Within Europe, it ranks 18 out of 31.
Triple Generation Impact (TGI)
With this Birthgap (TFG) for every 100 people of fertility age in Russia, there would be 31 great-grandchildren, representing a -69.0% drop from the current generation.
Globally, Russia ranks 22 out of 38 countries. Within Europe, it ranks 17 out of 31.
Birth trajectory
According to the birth trajectory for 2024, the number of total births is expected to decrease significantly over time if migration is not considered. From 1,222,400 in 2024, births would reduce by 50% to reach 611,200 by 2075. The decline continues, reaching a 75% drop by 2127, and ultimately a 90% decrease to just 122,240 births by 2195.
Childlessness rate (TCR)
In 2024, the childlessness rate (TCR) in the Russia stands at 28.3%, showing a slight increase of 0.7 percentage points from 2023. Over the latest five years (2020–2024), the TCR has averaged 31.7%, reflecting a downward trend. Compared to the 1970s average of 2.4%, the current TCR is higher by approximately 25.9 percentage points. On a global scale, the country ranks 35th out of 38 for childlessness rates, placing it among the lowest worldwide. Within the European context, it holds one of the lowest positions as well, ranked 28th out of 31 countries.
| Year | TCR | Year | TCR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.4% | 2010 | 21.5% |
| 1980 | 3.4% | 2020 | 35.6%* |
| 1990 | 0.4% | 2023 | 27.6%* |
| 2000 | 29.8% | 2024 | 28.3%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Total births
In 2024, the Russia recorded 1,222,400 total births, which is 5,986 fewer than in 2023. The number of births has been on a downward trend over the last five years, with an average of 1,296,391 annually during this period. When measured against the 1970s average of 2,073,194 births, the current figure represents a decrease of 850,794 births, or 41.0% less.
| Year | Births | Year | Births |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.90M | 2010 | 1.79M |
| 1980 | 2.20M | 2020 | 1.40M* |
| 1990 | 1.99M | 2023 | 1.23M* |
| 2000 | 1.27M | 2024 | 1.22M* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Birthgap Retirement Indicator (BRI)
The Birthgap Retirement Indicator (BRI) in 2015 for the Russia stood at 1.0%. This represents a sharp drop of 7.2 percentage points from its 2014 figure. Over the period from 2011 to 2015, the BRI has shown a downward trend, averaging 13.4%. When compared to the 1970s average of -38.9%, the current figure is approximately 39.9 percentage points higher. Among all countries worldwide, Russia holds the lowest BRI, placing it at 35th out of 35. Similarly, within Europe, it ranks last at 30th out of 30.
| Year | BRI | Year | BRI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | -80.7% | 2010 | 23.5% |
| 1980 | -3.3% | 2020 | n/a |
| 1990 | 10.3% | 2023 | n/a |
| 2000 | 42.2% | 2024 | n/a |
Source: Human Fertility Database.
