Russian Federation
Based on the most recent published official birth records (and Birthgap harmonisation where noted).
In 2024, Russia's total maternal rate slightly declined to 71.7%, continuing a slow downward trend from previous years but remaining among the highest globally and in Europe. Meanwhile, the country's completed parity mean and total fertility growth have shown marginal increases, while the average maternal age has inched up but stays the lowest in Europe by some margin.
- The slight drop in total maternal rate contrasts with a small rise in total childless rate, now at 28.3%.
- Completed parity mean remains low at 1.95, one of the lowest among European countries and well below 1970s levels.
- Average maternal age increased modestly to 27.0 years, maintaining Russia's position as the European country with the youngest mothers.
- Total fertility growth shows marginal improvement, consistent with a marginal rise in the total fertility growth percentage to 32.4%.
In 2024, Russia exhibits notable fertility patterns with one of the highest total maternal rates and the lowest average maternal age in Europe.
- Total maternal rate ranks 4th highest in Europe
- Children per mother ranks 5th lowest in Europe
- Mean age at childbearing is lowest in Europe
- Childlessness rate among the lowest in Europe
- Births expected to decline sharply by late century
Key fertility indicators — The The Russian Federation
| Total Maternal Rate (TMR) | 71.7% |
| Childlessness Rate (TCR) | 28.3% |
| TGI (great-grandchildren per 100 parents) | 31 |
Motherhood prevalence (TMR)
The total maternal rate (TMR) in 2024 stands at 71.7%, marking a slight decline of 0.7 percentage points from 2023. During the last five years, this rate has been on an upward trend, with the average TMR between 2020 and 2024 reaching 68.3%. Compared to the average in the 1970s, which was 97.6%, the current rate is about 25.9 percentage points lower. The lowest TMR was recorded between 2019 and 2021, averaging 65.1%. Historically, the 1959–1961 period saw the highest TMR at 103.3%. The Russia continues to have a relatively high TMR globally, ranking 4th out of 38 countries, and similarly ranks 4th among 31 European nations.
| Year | TMR | Year | TMR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 98.6% | 2010 | 78.5% |
| 1980 | 96.6% | 2020 | 64.4%* |
| 1990 | 99.6% | 2023 | 72.4%* |
| 2000 | 70.2% | 2024 | 71.7%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Children per mother (CPM)
The number of children per mother in 2024 stands at 1.95, showing almost no difference from the 2023 figure of 1.95. During the last five years, this metric has been on a downward trend, averaging 2.13. When compared to the 1970s average of 2.01, it is slightly lower by roughly 0.06. On the global stage, this value ranks among the lowest, placing 7th out of 38 countries, while within Europe, it is also near the bottom, ranking 5th among 31 nations.
| Year | CPM | Year | CPM |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2.02 | 2010 | 2.00 |
| 1980 | 1.93 | 2020 | 2.35* |
| 1990 | 1.90 | 2023 | 1.95* |
| 2000 | 1.70 | 2024 | 1.95* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Average maternal age (AMA)
The average maternal age in the Russia reached 27.0 years in 2024, marking a modest increase of 0.2 years from the previous year. Over the last five years, this figure has shown an upward trend, with an average of 26.6 years. This represents a rise of 3.7 years compared to the average maternal age in the 1970s. Among countries worldwide, the Russia holds the position of having the lowest average maternal age (ranked 38 out of 38). The same is true within Europe, where it ranks lowest at 31 out of 31 countries.
| Year | BIRTH | Year | BIRTH |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 23.64 | 2010 | 24.90 |
| 1980 | 22.99 | 2020 | 26.20* |
| 1990 | 22.65 | 2023 | 26.78* |
| 2000 | 23.54 | 2024 | 27.00* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Birthgap Generational Indicator (TFG)
In 2024, the Birthgap Generational Indicator (TFG) for the Russia stands at 32.4%, which corresponds to a total fertility rate of 1.40. This marks a slight increase of 0.5 percentage points compared to 2023. Over the past five years, the TFG has been on an upward trend, averaging 30.1% between 2020 and 2024. When compared to the 1970s average of 5.3%, the current figure is approximately 27.1 percentage points higher. The indicator hit its lowest point in the mid-1980s, specifically during 1986–1988, with an average near zero. On a global scale, Russia is ranked 22nd out of 38 countries, and within Europe, it holds the 17th position out of 31.
| Year | TFG | Year | TFG |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 3.6% | 2010 | 24.3% |
| 1980 | 10.0% | 2020 | 27.1%* |
| 1990 | 8.5% | 2023 | 31.9%* |
| 2000 | 42.2% | 2024 | 32.4%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Societal Half-Life (SHL)
Russia’s SHL stands at 51.4 years years in 2024. It has decreased by 0.6 years compared with 2023. Over the past five years, SHL has been falling, averaging 55.8 years. Compared with the 1970s average (415.8 years), SHL is now shorter by about 364.4 years.
Globally, Russia ranks 20 out of 38 countries.Within Europe, it ranks 18 out of 31.
Triple Generation Impact (TGI)
With this Birthgap (TFG) for every 100 people of fertility age in Russia, there would be 31 great-grandchildren, representing a -69.0% drop from the current generation.
Globally, Russia ranks 22 out of 38 countries. Within Europe, it ranks 17 out of 31.
Birth trajectory
According to the birth patterns recorded in 2024, the total number of births is expected to decrease significantly over time, dropping from 1,222,400 in 2024 to 611,200 in 2075—a reduction of 50%. This decline continues, with births projected to shrink by 75% by 2127 and then by 90% to 122,240 by 2195, assuming no migration influences these figures.
Childlessness rate (TCR)
The childlessness rate (TCR) in Russia reached 28.3% in 2024, slightly above the 27.6% recorded in 2023 by 0.7 percentage points. Over the five years spanning 2020 to 2024, the average TCR was 31.7%, indicating a recent upward trend. This figure stands significantly higher than the 2.4% average observed in the 1970s, marking an increase of about 25.9 percentage points. When compared on a global scale, Russia ranks near the lower end with one of the smallest childlessness rates, positioned 35th out of 38 countries. Similarly, within Europe, it holds one of the lowest rates, placing 28th among 31 nations.
| Year | TCR | Year | TCR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.4% | 2010 | 21.5% |
| 1980 | 3.4% | 2020 | 35.6%* |
| 1990 | 0.4% | 2023 | 27.6%* |
| 2000 | 29.8% | 2024 | 28.3%* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Total births
In 2024, the total number of births recorded was 1,222,400, showing a slight decrease of 5,986 compared to 2023. The count has declined over the last five years, with an average of 1,296,391 births annually during this period. When measured against the average from the 1970s, which stood at 2,073,194, the current birth figures are 850,794 lower, reflecting a 41.0% drop.
| Year | Births | Year | Births |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.90M | 2010 | 1.79M |
| 1980 | 2.20M | 2020 | 1.40M* |
| 1990 | 1.99M | 2023 | 1.23M* |
| 2000 | 1.27M | 2024 | 1.22M* |
Source: Human Fertility Database. *Measure estimated by Birthgap.org based on partial data from Rossatat.
Birthgap Retirement Indicator (BRI)
The Birthgap Retirement Indicator (BRI) for 2015 in the Russia stands at 1.0%, marking a sharp drop of 7.2 percentage points from 2014. Over the past five years, the BRI has shown a downward trend, averaging 13.4% between 2011 and 2015. Compared to the 1970s average of -38.9%, the current figure is higher by nearly 39.9 percentage points. On a global scale, this nation holds the lowest BRI value, ranking 35 out of 35, and it similarly occupies the bottom position among 30 European countries.
| Year | BRI | Year | BRI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | -80.7% | 2010 | 23.5% |
| 1980 | -3.3% | 2020 | n/a |
| 1990 | 10.3% | 2023 | n/a |
| 2000 | 42.2% | 2024 | n/a |
Source: Human Fertility Database.
